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Battle of Kismayo (2012)
The Second Battle of Kismayo was a combined military offensive led by Somali National Army forces and their AMISOM and Raskamboni allies against Al-Shabaab in the insurgent group's last major stronghold of Kismayo, Somalia.〔 It began on 28 September 2012, and has been referred to as Operation Sledge Hammer by Kenyan military spokesman Major Emmanuel Chirchir.
==Background==
In August 2008, Al-Shabaab and Islamic Courts Union fighters captured the southern port city of Kismayo during the first battle of Kismayo. A town with a large Bantu and ethnic minority constituency,〔(Bantu ethnic identities in Somalia )〕 Kismayo became the Islamist group's strategic headquarters after Transitional Federal Government (TFG) forces and allied African Union troops expelled the militants from Mogadishu during the Battle of Mogadishu (2010–2011). Control of the harbor, among other things, allowed the insurgents to import weapons and supplies.
In October 2011, a coordinated operation between the Somali military and the Kenyan military began against Al-Shabaab in southern Somalia.〔(Joint Communique – Operation Linda Nchi )〕 The mission was officially led by the Somali army, with the Kenyan forces providing a support role.〔 In early June 2012, Kenyan forces were formally integrated into AMISOM.
In the four weeks leading up to the battle, around 12,000 people reportedly fled the city out of an estimated total population of 160,000 to 190,000 inhabitants.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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